医学考研英语答案解析如下：
1. 问题：The patient presents with a fever, chills, and a productive cough. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
答案：A. Pneumonia
解析：患者出现发热、寒战和 productive cough（有痰的咳嗽），这些症状最可能是肺炎。
2. 问题：Which of the following is a contraindication to the use of corticosteroids in the treatment of asthma?
答案：D. Severe osteoporosis
解析：在哮喘治疗中使用皮质类固醇的禁忌症包括严重的骨质疏松症，因为皮质类固醇可能导致骨密度降低。
3. 问题：The patient has a history of chronic kidney disease and is now experiencing symptoms of uremia. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment?
答案：C. Hemodialysis
解析：患者有慢性肾病病史，现在出现尿毒症症状，最合适的治疗方法是血液透析。
4. 问题：Which of the following is a common cause of hypokalemia?
答案：B. Diuretic use
解析：利尿剂的使用是低钾血症的常见原因，因为利尿剂会增加尿钾的排泄。
5. 问题：The patient has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and is experiencing symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment?
答案：A. Intravenous insulin therapy
解析：患者被诊断为糖尿病并出现糖尿病酮症酸中毒的症状，最合适的初始治疗方法是静脉胰岛素治疗。
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