关键词：考研英语、原文解析、答案
在考研英语的备考过程中，深入解析原文是提升阅读理解能力的关键。以下是对一段考研英语原文的详细解析及答案：
原文：
"During the past century, the number of people living in urban areas has increased dramatically. This shift has been driven by various factors, including industrialization, technological advancements, and globalization. Urbanization has brought both opportunities and challenges. On one hand, it has led to economic growth and improved living standards. On the other hand, it has also resulted in environmental degradation and social problems."
解析：
1. "During the past century"：这句话表明了时间背景，即过去一个世纪。
2. "the number of people living in urban areas has increased dramatically"：这里指出城市人口数量显著增加。
3. "This shift has been driven by various factors"：指出这种变化是由多种因素推动的。
4. "including industrialization, technological advancements, and globalization"：列举了三个主要因素：工业化、技术进步和全球化。
5. "Urbanization has brought both opportunities and challenges"：城市化为人们带来了机遇和挑战。
6. "On one hand, it has led to economic growth and improved living standards"：一方面，城市化促进了经济增长和提高了生活水平。
7. "On the other hand, it has also resulted in environmental degradation and social problems"：另一方面，城市化也导致了环境恶化和社会问题。
答案：
1. 时间背景：过去一个世纪
2. 城市人口数量：显著增加
3. 推动因素：工业化、技术进步、全球化
4. 城市化影响：机遇（经济增长、生活水平提高）和挑战（环境恶化、社会问题）
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