考研英语2019Text4答案如下：
【问题】请根据以下文章内容，回答问题。
【文章】
The concept of intelligence has always been a controversial one. Some people believe that intelligence is a fixed trait, while others argue that it can be developed and improved. This debate has been going on for centuries, and it seems that there is no clear answer yet.
One of the main arguments for the fixed trait theory is that intelligence is inherited. If intelligence is inherited, then it cannot be changed or improved. This theory suggests that people are born with a certain level of intelligence, and that this level remains constant throughout their lives.
On the other hand, the theory of intelligence as a trainable skill is supported by numerous studies. These studies show that people can improve their intelligence through education, practice, and other forms of mental exercise. This theory suggests that intelligence is not a fixed trait, but rather a skill that can be developed and improved.
The evidence supporting the trainable skill theory is quite compelling. For example, a study conducted by心理学家Robert J. Sternberg showed that people who engaged in certain types of cognitive activities, such as problem-solving and critical thinking, improved their intelligence over time. Another study, conducted by psychologist Howard Gardner, proposed the theory of multiple intelligences, which suggests that people have different types of intelligence, such as linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, and interpersonal intelligence. This theory implies that people can develop their different intelligences through appropriate education and training.
Despite the evidence supporting the trainable skill theory, some people still believe in the fixed trait theory. They argue that intelligence is a gift that some people are born with, and that others are not as fortunate. This belief can lead to a negative attitude towards education and learning, as it suggests that some people are inherently smarter than others and that effort is not always rewarded.
In conclusion, the debate over whether intelligence is a fixed trait or a trainable skill is still ongoing. While the evidence supporting the trainable skill theory is strong, there is still no clear answer. It is important for us to recognize that intelligence can be developed and improved through education, practice, and other forms of mental exercise. Therefore, we should not limit ourselves by believing that we are inherently smarter or dumber than others.
【答案】
1. What is the main argument for the fixed trait theory?
答：The main argument for the fixed trait theory is that intelligence is inherited.
2. What is the main argument for the trainable skill theory?
答：The main argument for the trainable skill theory is that people can improve their intelligence through education, practice, and other forms of mental exercise.
3. What is the evidence supporting the trainable skill theory?
答：The evidence supporting the trainable skill theory includes studies showing that people can improve their intelligence through cognitive activities and the theory of multiple intelligences proposed by psychologist Howard Gardner.
4. What is the negative attitude towards education and learning that can result from believing in the fixed trait theory?
答：Believing in the fixed trait theory can lead to a negative attitude towards education and learning, as it suggests that some people are inherently smarter than others and that effort is not always rewarded.
5. What is the conclusion of the article?
答：The conclusion of the article is that the debate over whether intelligence is a fixed trait or a trainable skill is still ongoing, and it is important to recognize that intelligence can be developed and improved through education, practice, and other forms of mental exercise.
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