考研英语中常见的超纲句型主要包括以下几种：
1. 非限定性定语从句，如："The book, which I have read, is very interesting."
2. 状语从句的倒装，如："Only when you work hard can you succeed."
3. 逆否命题，如："If you don't study, you won't pass the exam."
4. 省略主语和系动词的倒装句，如："Never have I seen such a beautiful scene."
5. 现在分词作状语，如："Standing on the top of the mountain, we could see the whole city."
6. 过去分词作状语，如："Having finished the work, he went home."
7. 比较级和最高级的特殊用法，如："The more you eat, the fatter you will get."
8. 非谓语动词的独立主格结构，如："With the sun setting, the sky turned red."
9. 介词短语作状语，如："After finishing the homework, he went to play football."
10. 状语从句中的省略，如："If you had known that, you would have acted differently."
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