在电路英语考研真题中，考生往往需要理解和运用专业术语，同时具备良好的英语阅读理解能力。以下是一则模拟的电路英语考研真题及答案：
真题：
In the analysis of electrical circuits, impedance plays a crucial role. It is the equivalent resistance for alternating current (AC) circuits. The impedance (Z) can be expressed in the form of complex numbers. It is defined as the ratio of the voltage (V) to the current (I) in the circuit, which can be mathematically represented as:
\[ Z = \frac{V}{I} \]
Furthermore, impedance is composed of two components: resistance (R) and reactance (X). The resistance is the real part of the impedance, while the reactance can be either inductive (XL) or capacitive (XC). The total impedance is given by the Pythagorean theorem:
\[ Z = \sqrt{R^2 + X^2} \]
What is the correct definition of impedance in the context of electrical circuits?
A. The resistance offered by a component to the flow of alternating current.
B. The total voltage across a circuit divided by the total current through it.
C. The product of resistance and inductive reactance.
D. The sum of resistance and capacitive reactance.
答案：
The correct answer is B. The total voltage across a circuit divided by the total current through it.
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